Gaskin
Museum of Marine Life - Bay of Fundy/Grand Manan Island
Seaweeds
belong to a diverse range of marine plants. The following checklist
is complex but there are a few seaweeds that you may be able to identify
easily and are also an important part of the Grand Manan economy.
These include:
-
Dulse (Palmaria palmata)
-
Rock Weed
or Knotted Wrack(Ascophyllum nodosum)
-
Laver or Nori (Porphyra)
-
Irish
Moss (Chondrus crispus)
-
Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca)
-
Kelp
(Laminaria longicruris)
-
Alaria (Alaria esculenta)
Checklist
of Seaweeds (Algae) including macroscopic and microscopic, unicellular
and multicellular varieties
This
checklist is complied from:
-
"A checklist
of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy" by L.E. Linkletter, E.I.
Lord and M.J. Dadswell. Published by the Huntsman Marine Laboratory,
St. Andrews, NB. 1977.
-
"A field
guide to the Atlantic Seashore from the Bay of Fundy to Cape Hatteras"
by Kenneth Gosner. A Peterson Field Guide. Houghton Mifflin
Co. Boston. 1978
The checklist
contains scientific names and common names (where available - not all species
have common names). Please note that the classification system used
here is not necessarily the most up-to-date but was used in the checklists
referenced. Classifications systems do differ and the classification
of this group is in the midst of a revolution. The term "algae" is
retained as a category of convenience for these various, distantly related
groups. Common names of the algae are often simply descriptive and
may be used for a number of algae with similar forms such as "filamentous
green alga" or "crustose". To further complicate things scientific
names are also revised from time to time and the ones used here may not
correspond with up-to-date usage.
The
major changes are with unicellular organisms (although some do occur in
colonies). Some of the more recent systems have Blue-green algae
(or more correctly bacteria) classified in their own phylum Cyanobacteria;
Diatoms have been removed from the division Chlorophyta and placed in Phylum
Baccillariophyta or Chrysophyta; Dinoflagellates in Phylum Dinoflagellata
or Pyrrophyta. Their are also other plant-like protists including
Silicoflagellates (Phylum Chrysophyta), Coccolithophids (Phylum Haplophyta),
Crytomonads (Phylum Crytophyta) the latter two have not been included in
this checklist. Another group of protozoans that are animal-like
protists including Foraminiferans (Phylum Foraminifera), Radiolarians (Phylum
Polycystina) and Ciliates ( Phylum Ciliophora) are also not included.
Reclassification
is also occurring in some macroscopic groups including the red and brown
seaweeds which are now considered by many evolutionary biologist to form
distinct kingdoms (or phyla) of organisms, on par with the green plants,
fungi and animals.
Thanks
to Stephen Clayden, Botany Curator, New Brunswick Museum, Saint John, New
Brunswick, for assistance with the classification system.
Phylum
- Algae
Division
- Cyanophyta (BLUE-GREEN ALGAE/BACTERIA) (more
recently Phylum Cyanobacteria)
Class
- Cyanophyceae
Order
Chamaesiphonales
Family
- Dermocarpaseae
Dermocarpa
prasina Bornet and Thuret
Order
- Pleurocapsales
Family
- Pleurocapsacese
Pleurocopsa
fuliginoso Hauck
Family
- Hyellaceae
Hyella
caespitoso Bornet and Flahault
Order
- Nostocales
Family
- Oscillatoriaceae
Lyngbya
aestuarii Gomont
Oscillatoria
laetevirens Gomont
O.
nigroviridis Gomont
Spirulina
subsalsa Gomont
Family
- Noatacaceae
Anaboena
variabilis Bornet and Flahault
Nodularia
harveyana Bornet and Flahault
Family
- Rivuiariaceae
Calothrix
confervicola Bornet and Flahault (Crustose Algae - blackish)
Rivularia
atra Bornet and Flahault
Division
- Rhodophyta (RED ALGAE) (may be reclassified
as its own Phylum)
Class
- Rhodophyceae
Order
- Gigartinales
Family
- Cruoriaceae
Petrocelis
cruenta Agardh (Crustose Algae)
Family
- Bhadophyllidaceae
Cystoclonium
purpureum Batters (Brushy Red Weed)
Rhodophyllis
veprecula cirrhata Harvey (Frayed Weed)
R.
veprecula Agardh (Frayed Weed)
Family
- Phyllophuraceae
Ahnfeltia
plicata Fries (Wire Weed)
Family
- Cigartinacese
Chondrus
crispus Stackhouse (Irish Moss)
Gigartina
mammilosa Agardh (Tufted Red Weed)
G.
stellata Batters (Tufted Red Weed)
Order
- Cryptanemiales
Family
- Hildenbrandiaceae
Hildenbrandia
rosea Kuitzing (Crustose Algae)
H.
prototypus Nardo (Crustose Algae)
Family
- Corallinaceae
Corallina officinalis
Linnacus (Coral Weed)
Lithothamnion polymorphum
Aresob
(Coral Weed)
Melobesia lajolisii
Rosanoff (Coral Weed)
Family
- Dumontiaceae
Dumontia incrassata
Lamouroux (Dumont's Red Weed)
Family
- Polyideaceae
Polyides rotundus
Greville
(Twig Weed)
Family
- Kallymeniaceae
Euthora cristata
Agardh (Lacy Red Weed)
Family
- Choreocolacaceae
Choreocolax polysiphoniae
Reinsch
Order
- Rhodymeniales
Family
- Rhodymeniaceae
Rhodyrnenia palmata
Greville
or Palmaria palmata (Dulse)
Halosaccion ramentaceus
var. gladiatum Eaton
H. ramentaceus
Agardh
Order
- Ceramiales
Family
- Ceramiaceae
Callithamnion
pylasaei Montaqne (Filamentaous Seaweed)
C. rothii Lyngbye
(Filamentaous Seaweed)
Ceramium rubrum
Agardh (Banded Weed)
Plumaria elegans
Schmitz (Red Fern)
Ptilota elegans
Bonnemaison (Red Fern)
P. serrate
Kuetzing (Red Fern)
Family
- Delesseriaceae
Delesseria sinuosa
Lamouroux
D. alata
Phycodrys rubens
Batters (Sea Oak)
Family
- Rhodomelaceae
Polysiphonia
lanosa Tandy (Tubed Weeds, epiphytic on Ascophyllum nodosum)
P. urceoslata
Greville (Tubed Weeds)
P. fastigiata
Greville (Tubed Weeds)
Rhodomela confervoides
Silva (Tubed Weeds)
Order
- Bangiales
Family
- Bangiaceae
Bangia fuscopurpurea
Lyngbye
(Filamentaous Seaweed)
Porphyra umbilicalis
Agardh (Laver or nori)
P. miniata Ayardh
(Laver or nori)
P. laciniata
Agardh (Laver or nori)
Division
- Xanthophyta (YELLOW-GREEN ALGAE)
Class
- Xanthophyceae
Order
- Vaucheriales
Family
- Vaucheriaceae
Vaucheria thuretii
Woronin (Filamentous/Crustose Algae - dull green)
Division
- Phaeophyta (BROWN ALGAE) (may be reclassified
as its own Phylum)
Class
- Phaeophyceae
Order
- Ectocarpales
Family
- Ectocarpaceae
Ectocarpus confervoides
LeJolis (Filamentous Seaweed)
E. littoralis
Lyngbye (Filamentous Seaweed)
Pilayella littoralis
Kjellman (Filamentous Seaweed)
Family
- Ralfsiaceae
Ralfsia verrucosa
Agardh (Crustose Algae - olive green to blackish)
R. deusta J. Agardh
Family
- Elachistaceae
Elachista fucicola
Areschoug (Filamentous Seaweed)
Family
- Corynophlaeaceae
Leathesia difformis
Areschoug (Sea Potato)
Family
- Chordariaceae
Chordaria flagelliforrnis
Agardh (Black Whip Weed)
Order
- Dictyosiphonales
Family
- Dictyosiphonaceae
Dictyosiphon hippuroides
Areschoug (False Sour Weed)
D. foeniculaceus
Greville (False Sour Weed)
Order
- Scytosiphonales
Family
- Scytosiphonaceae
Scytosiphon lomentaria
Link (Sausage Weed)
Petalonia fascia
Kuntze (Ribbon Weed)
Order
- Desmarestiales
Family
- Desmarestiaceae
Desmarestia viridis
Lamouroux (Soft Sour Weed)
D. aculeata Lamouroux
(Spiny Sour Weed)
Order
- Laminariales
Family
- Chordaceae
Chorda tomentosa
Lyngbye (Smooth Cord Weed)
C. filurn Stackhouse
(Smooth Cord Weed)
Family
- Laminariaoeae
Laminaria longicrurus
De La Pylaie (Hollow-stemmed Kelp)
L. saccharina
Lamouroux (Kelp)
L. digitata Lamouroux
(Horsetail Kelp)
Saccorhiza dermatodea
De La Pylaie (Kelp)
Agarurn cribrosum
Bory (Sea Colander)
Family
- Alariaceae
Alaria esculenta
Greville (Edible Kelp)
A. osculenta latifolia
Post and Rupr (Edible Kelp)
Order
- Fucales
Family
- Fucaceae (Rockweeds)
Ascophyllum nodosum
LeJolie (Knotted Wrack)
Fucus vesiculosus
Linnaeus (Bladder Wrack)
F. spiralis Linnaeus
(Bladder Wrack)
F. edentatus De
La Pylaie (Bladder Wrack)
F. evanescens
Agardh (Bladder Wrack)
F. furcatus Aqardh
(Bladder Wrack)
Division
- Chlorophyta (GREEN ALGAE)
Class
- Chlorophyceae
Order
- Chlorococcales
Family
- Endosphaeraceas
Gomontia polyrhiza
Bronet and Flahault
Order
- Prasiolales
Family
- Prasiolaceae
Prasiola stipitata
Suhr (Crustose Algae - blackish green)
Order
- Ulotrichales
Family
- Ulotrichaceae
Ulothrix flacca
Thuret (Filamentous Seaweed)
U. implexa Kuetzing
(Filamentous Seaweed)
U. collabens Thuret
(Filamentous Seaweed)
Family
- Monostromataceae
Monostroma blytii
(Sea
Lettuce)
M. fuscum blytii Collins
(Sea Lettuce)
M. grevillei Wittrock
(Sea Lettuce)
Family
- Ulvaceae
Enteromorpha prolifera
Agardh (Hollow Green Weeds)
E. linza Agardh
(Hollow Green Weeds)
E. intestinalis
Link (Hollow Green Weeds)
E. micrococca
Kuetzing (Hollow Green Weeds)
E. percursa Aqardh
(Hollow Green Weeds)
E. crinita Agardh
(Hollow Green Weeds)
E. compressa subsimplex
Agardh (Hollow Green Weeds)
E. minima Naegeli
(Hollow Green Weeds)
Ulva rigida Thuret
(Sea Lettuce)
U. lactuca Linnaeus
(Sea Lettuce)
Order
- Chaetophorales
Family
- Chaetophoraoeae
Entocladia viridis
Reinke
Order
- Acrosiphoniales
Family
- Acrosiphoniaceae
Spongomorpha areta
(Filamentous
Seaweed)
S. spinescens
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
Order
- Cladophorales
Family
- Cladophoraceae
Chaetomorpha melagonium
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
C. melagonium rupincola
Kjellman (Filamentous Seaweed)
Caerea linum Collins
(Filamentous Seaweed)
Cladophora sericea
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
C. arcta (Dillwyn)
(Filamentous Seaweed)
C. laetevirens
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
C. rupestris Kuetzing
(Filamentous Seaweed)
C. gracilis expansa
Farlow (Filamentous Seaweed)
C. flavescens
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
Rhizoclonium tortuosum
Kuetzing (Filamentous Seaweed)
R. riparium polyrhizum
Rosenvinge (Filamentous Seaweed)
Class
- Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms) (more recently
Phylum Bacillariophyta or Chrysophyta)
Order
- Bacillariales
Suborder
- Coscinodiscineae
Melosira nummuloides
Agardh
M. marina
M. sulcata (Ehrenberg
Kuetzing
M. moniliformis (Muller)
Agardh
M. hyperborea
Grunow
M. crenulate
M. subflexilis
Kuetzing
M. juerghensii Agardh
Coscinodiscus radiatus
Ehrenberg
C. eccentricus Ehrenberg
C. concinnus W.
Smith
C. centralis Ehrenherg
C. fasciculatus
O'Me
Thalassiosira decipiens
(Grunow) Joergensen
T. nordenskioldii
Cleve
Skeletonema costatum
(Greville) Clove
Stephanopyxis appendiculata
Ehrenberg
Actinoptyichus senarius
Ehrenberg
Paralia sulcata
(Ehrenherg) Cleve
Suborder
- Biddulphineae
Biddulphia pulchella
Gray
B. mohiliensis
(Bailey) Grunow
B. regia (Schulze)
Ostenfeld
B. aurita Lyngbye
B. alternans (Bailey)
Van Heurck
Chaetoceros danicum
Cleve
C. convolutum Castracane
C. compressum
Lauder
C. concavicorne
Mangin
C. constrictum
Gran
C. laciniosum
Schutt
C. diadema (Ehrenberg)
Gran
C. willei Gran
C. socialis Lauder
C. teres Cleve
C. simplex Ostenfeld
C. debrilis Cleve
C. decipiens Cleve
Ditylum brightwellii
(T.
West) Grunow
Cerataulina pelagica
(Cleve) Hendey
Suborder
- Rhizoscleniineae
Laptocylindris minimus
Gran
Guinardia flaccida
(Castracane) Peragallo
Bactariosira fragilis
Gran
Rhizosolenia styliformis
Brightwell
R. gracillima
Cleve
R. obtusa Benson
R. alata Brightwell
R. shrubsolei
Cleve
R. setigera Brightwell
R. hebetata Bailey
R. faeroensis
Ostenfeld
Suborder
- Fragilariineae
Fragilaria capucina
Desmazieres
Rhaphoneis amphiceros
Ehrenberg
Asterionella japonica
Cleve
Striatella unipunctata
(Lyngbye) Agardh
Synedra pulchella
Kuetzing
S. ulna (Nitzsch)
Ehrenberg
S. gallionii (Bory)
Ehrenbory
S. lunaris
S. radians Kuetzing
S. salina
S. undulata (Bailey)
Gregory
S. affinis Kuetzinq
Thalassiothrix longissima
Cleve and Grunow
Thalassionema nitzschioides
Grunow
Grammatophora marina
(Lyngbye) Kuetzing
G. serpentina
Ehrcnbory
Rhabdonema arcuatum
(Lyngbye) Kuetzing
Suborder
- Achnanthineae
Achnanthas subsessilis
Kuetzing
A. longipes Aqardh
Cocconeis scutellum
Ehrenberg
Suborder
- Naviculineae
Navicula smithii deBrebisson
N. viridis Kuetzinq
N. peregrina Kuetzinq
N. elliptica
Diploneis didyma
(Lhrenberg) Clove
Stauroneis oblique
Pinnularia distans
P. viridis
Pleurosigma fasciola
E., S.
P. acuminatum
P. strigilis W.
Smith
P. aestuarii W.
Smith
P. balticum W
Smith
P. formosum W.
Smith
P. decorum W.
Smith
P. angulatum (Quekett)
W. Smith
P. allenuatum
P. strigosum W.
smith
P. elongaturn
W. Smith
P. obscurum W.
Smith
Gomphonema acuminatum
G. crucigerum
Rhopalodia musculus
R. gibba (Ehrenberg)
MUller
R. turgida
R. zebra
Nitzschia bilobata
W. smith
N. sigma w. smith
N. closterium
(Ehrenberg) W. Smith
N. scalaris
N. punctata Grunow
N. tharmatis
N. granulate Grunow
N. paradore
N. seriata Cleve
Scoliopleura tumida
(deBrobisson) Rabenhorst
Brebissonia boeckii
(Ehrenberg) Grunow
Epithemia musculus
Kuetzing
Suborder
- Surirellineae
Surirella ovalis
deBrebisson
S. gemma (Ehrenberg)
Kuetzing
S. pulohelle
S. moleriana
Phylum
Protozoa (now Phylum Dinoflagellata or Pyrrophyta)
Subphylum
- Plasmodroma
Class
- Mastigophora
Subclass
- Phytomastigina
Order
- Dinoflagellata (dinoflagellates)
Tribe
- Peridinioidae
Family
- Peridiniidae
Peridinium divergens
Ehrenberg
Ceratium tripos (Muller)
C. fusus (Ehrenberg)
C. furca (Ehrenberg)
Gonyaulax tamarensis
Lebour
Family
- Dinophysidae
Dinophysis norvegica
(C. & L.)
Order
Chrysomonadina
(now Phylum Chrysophyta)
Suborder
- Euchrysomonadina
Family
- Silicoflagellidae (silicoflagellates)
Distephanus speculum
(Muller)
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